Book Description:
Title: - Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
File Type: PDF EPUB MOBI.
MD5 Hash Code: cf580be304ed6a51f571b47e3da1cd47
ASIN/ISBN:
Recent Member Activity
Title: - Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
File Type: PDF EPUB MOBI.
MD5 Hash Code: cf580be304ed6a51f571b47e3da1cd47
ASIN/ISBN:
Recent Member Activity
Related Book : Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
K. V. Sundaram has written:
'Development planning at the grassroots' -- subject(s): Regionalplanning, Decentralization in government, Sustainabledevelopment
'Reshaping Our Earth View'
'Urban and regional planning in India' -- subject(s): Cityplanning, Regional planning
What has the author V Lawrence Sundaram written?
V. Lawrence Sundaram has written: 'A great Indian Jesuit, Fr. Jerome D'Souza, 1897-1977' -- subject(s): Biography, Educators, Jesuits, Statesmen
When did V. Sundaram die?
When was V. Sundaram born?
What has the author K V Tirumalesh written?
What has the author V K Sethi written?
What has the author V K Subramanian written?
V. K. Subramanian has written: 'Saundaryalahari of Sankaracarya'
What has the author V K N written?
What has the author V K Arsen'ev written?
What has the author V K Karpeko written?
What has the author V K Arkhangel'skaya written?
V. K. Arkhangel'skaya has written: 'Ocherki narodnicheskoi fol'kloristiki'
What has the author V K Osadchii written?
V. K. Osadchii has written: 'Optimal'noe planirovanie sel'skokhozyaistvennoi tekhniki'
What has the author V K Kiselev written?
V. K. Kiselev has written: 'Ekonomika vosproizvodstva rybnykh zapasov'
What has the author V K Chanturiya written?
V. K. Chanturiya has written: 'Molodezh' i udarnyi kommunisticheskii trud'
What has the author K V Sarkanen written?
K. V. Sarkanen has written: 'Lignins' -- subject(s): Lignin
What has the author K V Skene written?
K. V. Skene has written: 'Calendar of rain' 'Elemental mind'
What has the author K V Tskitishvili written?
K V. Tskitishvili has written: 'Na frontakh Velikoi Otechestvennoi'
What has the author K V S Thapar written?
What has the author V K Grigor'ev written?
V. K. Grigor'ev has written: 'Voprosy teorii zemel'nogo prava'
What has the author V K Tuzov written?
V. K. Tuzov has written: 'Nymphalidae' -- subject(s): Identification, Nymphalidae
What has the author V J K Brook written?
V. J. K. Brook has written: 'Whitgift and the English Church'
What has the author K V Ford written?
K. V Ford has written: 'Wetland restoration at Four Corners Mine'
What has the author V K Voronov written?
V. K. Voronov has written: 'Modern physics' -- subject(s): Physics
What has the author V K Kalistov written?
V. K. Kalistov has written: 'Matematicheskaia teoriia planirovaniia i obrabotki eksperimenta'
What has the author V K Senchagov written?
V. K. Senchagov has written: 'Finansovyi mekhanizm i ego rol' v povyshenii effektivnosti proizvodstva'
What has the author K S Kravchenko written?
What has the author V K Balachandran written?
V. K Balachandran has written: 'Topological algebras' -- subject(s): Topological algebras
What has the author K V Summers written?
K. V Summers has written: 'Physical-chemical characteristics of utility solid wastes'
What has the author K V Punnaiah written?
K. V. Punnaiah has written: 'India as a federation' -- subject(s): Politics and government
What has the author K V Thomas written?
K. V. Thomas has written: 'Policing in the 21st century' -- subject(s): Police
What has the author V K Samigullin written?
V. K. Samigullin has written: 'Tatar' -- subject(s): Tatars, History, Name
What has the author V M K Kelleher written?
V. M. K. Kelleher has written: 'The religious artistry of Muriel Spark'
What has the author V K Thankappan written?
V. K. Thankappan has written: 'Quantum mechanics' -- subject(s): Quantum theory
What has the author K V Inyutina written?
K. V. Inyutina has written: 'Modeli zadach planirovaniya proizvodstva i material'no-tekhnicheskogo obespecheniya v ASUP'
What has the author V M Mikhailov written?
What has the author V Aleksandrovich written?
V. Aleksandrovich has written: 'K poznaniiu kharaktera Grazhdanskoi voiny'
What has the author V K Natraj written?
V. K. Natraj has written: 'Decentralisation of planning in India' -- subject(s): Economic policy
What has the author K V Galaktionov written?
K. V. Galaktionov has written: 'The biology and evolution of trematodes' -- subject(s): Trematoda, Evolution
What has the author K Sverdlova written?
K. Sverdlova has written: 'Sovetskie zhenshchiny v Otechestvennoi voine'
What has the author V V Mar'ina written?
V. V. Mar'ina has written: 'Put' chekhoslovatskogo krest'yanstva k sotsializmu, 1948-1960'
What has the author K K Cherednichenko written?
K. K. Cherednichenko has written: 'Sovershenstvovanie organizatsii truda i upravleniya v khimicheskoi promyshlennosti'
What has the author V K Sthanunathan written?
V. K. Sthanunathan has written: 'Railway economics' -- subject(s): Freight, History, Railroads, Rates
What has the author I K Komarov written?
I. K. Komarov has written: 'Sovershenstvovanie khozyaistvennogo mekhanizma v stroitel'stve' 'Sovershenstvovanie khozyaistvennogo mekhamizma v stroitel'stve'
Dec 20, 2015 - Windows 10 is extremely picky about HDD/SSD modes. From a working Windows install, visit this page Windows 10 Media Creation Tool. But when i try to install windows 10 on my ssd, it dosen't allow me. The next button is inaccessible. And when i click the more info text, it sais. Jun 1, 2018 - To do this: Go to BIOS settings and enable UEFI mode. Press Shift+F10 to bring out a command prompt. Type Diskpart. Type List disk. Type Select disk disk number Type Clean Convert MBR. Wait for the process to complete. Go back to Windows installation screen, and install Windows 10 on your SSD. Cannot install windows 10 on ssd. Jan 31, 2019 - There are 3 situations where Windows 10/8/7 won't install on SSD. For installing Windows8/10 cannot install on SSD, enable Secure Boot if it.
What has the author E V K Fitzgerald written?
E. V. K. Fitzgerald has written: 'Public sector investment planning for developing countries'
What has the author K V Frolov written?
K. V. Frolov has written: 'We count on machine building' 'Anatolii Arkad'evich Blagonravov 1894-1975'
What has the author K V Kirshna Ayyar written?
K. V. Kirshna Ayyar has written: 'A short history of Kerala' -- subject(s): History
What has the author V K Ivenina written?
V. K. Ivenina has written: 'Osnovy promyshlennogo proizvodstva' -- subject(s): Dictionaries, Industries, Russian
What has the author K V Paul Pillai written?
K. V. Paul Pillai has written: 'A man after God's own heart' 'The fundamentals of prayer'
What has the author V K Pukhlikov written?
V. K. Pukhlikov has written: 'Chelovek i obshchestvo' -- subject(s): Dialectical materialism, Philosophical anthropology
What has the author V K Gusev written?
V. K. Gusev has written: 'Bikomponentnye volokna i niti' -- subject(s): Synthetic Textile fibers
What has the author V K Kantor written?
V K. Kantor has written: 'Russkaya estetika vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiya i obshchestvennaya bor'ba'
The Book of Aṟam, in full Aṟattuppāl (Tamil: அறத்துப்பால், literally, “division of virtue”), also known as the Book of Virtue, the First Book or Book One in translated versions, is the first of the three books or parts of the Kural literature, a didactic work authored by the ancient IndianphilosopherValluvar. Written in High Tamildistich form, it has 38 chapters each containing 10 kurals or couplets, making a total of 380 couplets, all dealing with the fundamental virtues of an individual. Aṟam, the Tamil term that loosely corresponds to the English term 'virtue', correlates with the first of the four ancient Indian values of dharma, artha, kama and moksha. The Book of Aṟam exclusively deals with virtues independent of the surroundings, including the vital principles of non-violence, moral vegetarianism or veganism,[a]veracity, and righteousness.[1][2]
The Book of Aṟam is the most important and the most fundamental book of the Kural.[3] This is revealed in the very order of the book within the Kural literature. The public life of a person as described by the Book of Poruḷ and the love life of a person as described by the Book of Inbam are presented to him or her only after the person secures his or her inner, moral growth described by the Book of Aṟam. In other words, only a morally and spiritually ripe person, who is considered cultured and civilized as dictated by the Book of Aṟam, is fit to enter public or political life, and the subsequent life of love.[4]
- 9References
Etymology[edit]
Aṟam is the Tamil word for what is known in Sanskrit as 'Dharma', and pāl means 'division'. The concept of aṟam or dharma is of pivotal importance in Indian philosophy and religion.[5] It has multiple meanings and is a term common to Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.[6] In Hinduism, the word signifies duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and 'right way of living.'[7][8] In Buddhism, the word refers to 'cosmic law and order,' but is also applied to the teachings of the Buddha.[9] In Jainism, the word refers to the teachings of tirthankara (Jina)[9] and the body of doctrine pertaining to the purification and moral transformation of human beings. In Sikhism, the word means the path of righteousness and proper religious practice.[10] With a long and varied history, the word straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations, rendering it impossible to provide a single concise definition.[11] Thus, there is no equivalent single-word translation for aṟam or dharma in western languages.[12][13] Conversely, the term dharma is common to all languages within the Indian subcontinent.
The book and its chapters[edit]
A V Sundaram Books Pdf 2017
The Book of Aṟam is the most important of all the books of the Tirukkural and is considered the most fundamental.[3] The book exclusively deals with dharma, which is common to the entire work of the Tirukkural, thus providing the essence of the work as a whole.[14] An exemplification for this is found in verse 34 of Purananuru,[15] where its author Alathur Kilar refers to the entire work of the Tirukkural by simply calling it as 'Aṟam'.[16][17] In a practical sense, the Book of Aṟam deals with the essentials of the Yoga philosophy by expounding the household life that begins with compassion and ahimsa,[18][19] ultimately leading to the path to renunciation.[2][20]
The Book of Aṟam contains the first 38 chapters of the Kural text, all dealing with fundamental virtue. The first four chapters, known as the introductory chapters, include 40 couplets on God, rain, characteristics of a righteous person, and assertion of virtue. The remaining chapters with 340 couplets are addressed to the common man or a householder, which includes 200 couplets on domestic virtue and 140 couplets on higher yet most fundamental virtue based on grace, benevolence and compassion.[2][21] All the couplets in the book essentially mandate the ethics of ahimsa (non-violence), meatless diet, casteless human brotherhood, absence of desires, path of righteousness and truth, and so forth.[2]
- Book One—Virtue (அறத்துப்பால் Aṟattuppāl)
- Chapter 1. The Praise of God (கடவுள் வாழ்த்து kaṭavuḷ vāḻttu): Couplets 1–10
- Chapter 2. The Excellence of Rain (வான் சிறப்பு vāṉ ciṟappu): 11–20
- Chapter 3. The Greatness of Ascetics (நீத்தார் பெருமை nīttār perumai): 21–30
- Chapter 4. Assertion of the Strength of Virtue (அறன் வலியுறுத்தல் aṟaṉ valiyuṟuttal): 31–40
- Chapter 5. Domestic Life (இல்வாழ்க்கை ilvāḻkkai): 41–50
- Chapter 6. Domestic Health (வாழ்க்கைத்துணை நலம் vāḻkkaittuṇai nalam): 51–60
- Chapter 7. Biological Productivity (புதல்வரைப் பெறுதல் putalvaraip peṟutal): 61–70
- Chapter 8. The Possession of Love (அன்புடைமை aṉpuṭaimai): 71–80
- Chapter 9. Cherishing Guests (விருந்தோம்பல் viruntōmpal): 81–90
- Chapter 10. Charming Utterance (இனியவை கூறல் iṉiyavai kūṟal): 91–100
- Chapter 11. Gratitude Recognition (செய்ந்நன்றி அறிதல் ceynnaṉṟi aṟital): 101–110
- Chapter 12. Impartiality (நடுவு நிலைமை naṭuvu nilaimai): 111–120
- Chapter 13. The Possession of Self-restraint (அடக்கமுடைமை aṭakkamuṭaimai): 121–130
- Chapter 14. The Possession of Decorum (ஒழுக்கமுடைமை oḻukkamuṭaimai): 131–140
- Chapter 15. Not Coveting Another's Wife (பிறனில் விழையாமை piṟaṉil viḻaiyāmai): 141–150
- Chapter 16. The Possession of Patience, Forbearance (பொறையுடைமை poṟaiyuṭaimai): 151–160
- Chapter 17. Anti-envy (அழுக்காறாமை aḻukkāṟāmai): 161–170
- Chapter 18. Anti-covet action (வெஃகாமை veḵkāmai): 171–180
- Chapter 19. Slander Avoidance (புறங்கூறாமை puṟaṅkūṟāmai): 181–190
- Chapter 20. The Not Speaking Profitless Words (பயனில சொல்லாமை payaṉila collāmai): 191–200
- Chapter 21. Dread of Evil Deeds (தீவினையச்சம் tīviṉaiyaccam): 201–210
- Chapter 22. The Knowledge of What Is Befitting a Man's Position (ஒப்புரவறிதல் oppuravaṟital): 211–220
- Chapter 23. Philanthropy (ஈகை īkai): 221–230
- Chapter 24. Renown (புகழ் pukaḻ): 231–240
- Chapter 25. Benevolence (அருளுடைமை aruḷuṭaimai): 241–250
- Chapter 26. Flesh Renunciation (புலான் மறுத்தல் pulāṉmaṟuttal): 251–260
- Chapter 27. Penance (தவம் tavam): 261–270
- Chapter 28. Inconsistent Conduct (கூடாவொழுக்கம் kūṭāvoḻukkam): 271–280
- Chapter 29. The Absence of Fraud (கள்ளாமை kaḷḷāmai): 281–290
- Chapter 30. Veracity (வாய்மை vāymai): 291–300
- Chapter 31. The Not Being Angry (வெகுளாமை vekuḷāmai): 301–310
- Chapter 32. Not Doing Evil (இன்னா செய்யாமை iṉṉāceyyāmai): 311–320
- Chapter 33. Not Killing (கொல்லாமை kollāmai): 321–330
- Chapter 34. Impermanence (நிலையாமை nilaiyāmai): 331–340
- Chapter 35. Renunciation (துறவு tuṟavu): 341–350
- Chapter 36. Knowledge of the True (மெய்யுணர்தல் meyyuṇartal): 351–360
- Chapter 37. The Extirpation of Desire (அவாவறுத்தல் avāvaṟuttal): 361–370
- Chapter 38. Fate (ஊழ் ūḻ): 371–380
Grouping of chapters[edit]
The Book of Aṟam has been subdivided variously by different scholars.[22] In fact, the chapters in this book have been categorized in more varied order than the other two books of the Kural text.[22]Although the author did not group the chapters under any subdivisions as with the other two books of the Kural text,[23][24] the Sangam poetSirumedhaviyar first suggested grouping of the chapters under subdivisions in verse 20 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai.[25] Accordingly, he divided the Book of Aṟam into three Iyals, or divisions, namely, pāyiram (the first 4 chapters), aṟam (the next 33 chapters), and ūḻ (the final chapter).[26] Following this, the ten medieval commentators, who were the first to write commentaries about the Tirukkural, divided the Book of Aṟam variously between two and four portions, grouping the original chapters diversely under these divisions and thus changing the order of the chapters widely.[14][27] For example, while Parimelalhagar divided the Book of Aṟam into two parts, namely, domestic virtue and ascetic virtue, besides keeping the first four chapters under 'Introduction,' other medieval commentators have divided the Book of Aṟam into four portions, namely, introduction, domestic virtue, ascetic virtue, and fate.[24] Modern commentators such as V. O. Chidambaram Pillai have even gone up to six divisions.[14]
The original grouping and numbering of the chapters, too, were changed considerably by the medieval commentators.[14] For instance, chapters 10, 13, 17, 18, and 19 in the present-day ordering (which follows Parimelalhagar's ordering) under subsection 'domestic virtue' are originally chapters 26, 27, 30, 31, and 32, respectively, under subsection 'ascetic virtue' in Manakkudavar's ordering. Similarly, the modern chapters 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, appearing under subsection 'ascetic virtue' originally appear as chapters 19, 20, 10, 16, 17, and 18, respectively, under subsection 'domestic virtue' in Manakkudavar's ordering. However, being the earliest of all the available commentaries on the Tirukkural, Manakkudavar's commentary is believed to be the closest to the original Kural text as written by Valluvar.[28][29]
Valluvar's position on aṟam or virtue[edit]
While religious scriptures generally consider aṟam as a divine virtue, Valluvar describes it as a way of life rather than any spiritual observance, a way of harmonious living that leads to universal happiness.[30] Unlike in Manusmriti, Valluvar holds that aṟam is common for all, irrespective of whether the person is a bearer of palanquin or the rider in it.[31][32] For this reason, Valluvar keeps aṟam as the cornerstone throughout the writing of the Kural literature.[16]
Valluvar considered justice as a facet of aṟam. While ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and their descendants opined that justice cannot be defined and that it was a divine mystery, Valluvar positively suggested that a divine origin is not required to define the concept of justice. In the words of V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, justice according to Valluvar 'dwells in the minds of those who have knowledge of the standard of right and wrong; so too deceit dwells in the minds which breed fraud.'[30]
The greatest of virtues or aṟam according to Valluvar is non-killing,[33] followed by veracity,[34] both of which are indicated in the same couplet (Kural 323),[35] and the greatest sins that Valluvar feels very strongly are ingratitude and meat-eating.[34][36] In the words of P. S. Sundaram, while 'all other sins may be redeemed, but never ingratitude,' Valluvar couldn't understand 'how anyone could wish to fatten himself by feeding on the fat of others.'[36]
Influence[edit]
Of the three books of the Kural text, the Book of Aṟam remains the most translated one by scholars and writers and also the most widely interpreted one.[37] Serving as a manual of precepts to exclusively teach dharma for millennia,[2] the Book of Aṟam has influenced many of its readers to pursue the path of non-violence. This became more evident after the translation of the Kural into several European languages beginning in the early 18th century. For instance, Russian pacifist Leo Tolstoy was inspired by the concept of ahimsa and non-killing found in the Book of Aṟam after reading a German translation of the Kural, which bolstered his thoughts on pacifism.[38] Tolstoy, in turn, instilled the virtue of non-violence in Mohandas Gandhi through his A Letter to a Hindu when young Gandhi sought his advice on the struggle for Indian Independence.[39] Referring to the Kural literature as 'the Hindu Kural' in his correspondence, Tolstoy cited six couplets from the chapter on non-violence.[40] Taking this advice, Gandhi then took to studying the Kural while in prison,[2] later employing various non-violent movements to liberate the nation.[38][41] The South Indian philosopher Ramalinga Swamigal was inspired by the Kural at a young age and spent his whole life promoting compassion and non-violence, emphasizing on a meatless way of life.[42][43]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
a.^ The Kural insists on strict 'moral vegetarianism', the doctrine that humans are morally obligated to refrain from eating meat or harming sentient beings,[44] known as 'veganism' since the 20th century, as described by Mylan Engel in his work 'The Immorality of Eating Meat' (2000).[45] The concept of ahimsa or இன்னா செய்யாமை, which remains the moral foundation of veganism,[46] is described in the chapter on non-violence (Chapter 32).[47]
Citations[edit]
- ^Natarajan, 2008, pp. 1–6.
- ^ abcdefLal, 1992, pp. 4333–4334.
- ^ abDesigar, 1969, p. 47.
- ^Zvelebil, 1973, p. 165.
- ^Dhand, 2002, p. 351.
- ^Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d.
- ^Columbia University Press, 2013.
- ^Rosen, 2006.
- ^ abThe Oxford University, n.d.
- ^Singh, Fenech, and Rinehart, 2014, pp. 138–139.
- ^Van Buitenen, 1957, p. 36.
- ^Widgery, 1930, pp. 232–245.
- ^Flood and Rocher, 2003.
- ^ abcdKumaravelan, 2008, pp. 4–17.
- ^Alathur Kilar, pp. Verse 34.
- ^ abVelusamy and Faraday, 2017, p. 55.
- ^Kowmareeshwari, 2012, pp. 46–47.
- ^Bharti, 2001, pp. 672–691.
- ^Varenne and Derek, 1977, pp. 197–202.
- ^Mukherjee, 1999, pp. 392–393.
- ^SSP, 2012, pp. vii–xvi.
- ^ abPillai, 1972, p. 12–16.
- ^Pillai, 1972, p. 12.
- ^ abZvelebil, 1973, p. 158.
- ^Sirumedhaviyar, pp. Verse 20.
- ^Jagannathan, 1963, pp. 32–33.
- ^Aravindan, 1968, p. 105.
- ^Aravindan, 1968, pp. 346–347.
- ^Raja, 2017, pp. 5–10.
- ^ abSanjeevi, 1973, pp. xxiii–xxvii.
- ^Valluvar, pp. Verse 37.
- ^Visveswaran, 2016, pp. ix–xi.
- ^Lal, 1992, pp. 4341–4342.
- ^ abSethupillai, 1956, pp. 34–36.
- ^Valluvar, pp. Verse 323.
- ^ abSundaram, 1990, pp. 7–16.
- ^Sanjeevi, 1973.
- ^ abRajaram, 2009, pp. xviii–xxi.
- ^Parel, 2002, pp. 96–112.
- ^Tolstoy, 1908.
- ^Velusamy and Faraday, 2017, p. 61.
- ^Subbaraman, 2015, pp. 39–42.
- ^Sivagnanam, 1974, p. 96.
- ^Parimelalhagar, 2009, pp. 256–266, 314–336.
- ^Engel, 2000, pp. 856–889.
- ^Dinshah, 2010.
- ^Parimelalhagar, 2009, pp. 314–324.
References[edit]
Primary sources (Tamil)[edit]
- Alathur Kilar, Kḻuvāi Illai!, புறநானூறு [Puranānuru] (Verse 34), See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
- Avvaiyar. ta:திருவள்ளுவமாலை. Tirutthanigai Saravana Perumal Iyer (commentator) – via Wikisource.
- Ilango Adigal, சிலப்பதிகாரம் [Silappathigāram], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
- Kambar, கம்பராமாயணம் [Kambarāmāyanam], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
- Manakkudavar (2003). திருக்குறள் மணக்குடவர் உரை. C. Meiyyappan (Ed.). Chennai: Manivasagar Padhippagam. 370 pp.
- Parimelalhagar (2009). திருக்குறள் மூலமும் பரிமேலழகர் உரையும். Compiled by V. M. Gopalakrishnamachariyar. Chennai: Uma Padhippagam. 1456 pp.
- Seethalai Sāthanār, மணிமேகலை [Manimekalai], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
- Sekkiḻar, பெரிய புராணம் [Periya Puranam], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
- Valluvar. ta:திருக்குறள். Translated by George Uglow Pope – via Wikisource. See original text in Project Madurai.
Secondary sources[edit]
- M. V. Aravindan (1968). உரையாசிரியர்கள் [Commentators]. Chennai: Manivasagar Padhippagam.
- Dinshah, Freya (2010). 'American Vegan Society: 50 Years'(PDF). American Vegan. 2. Vol. 10 no. 1 (Summer 2010). Vineland, NJ: American Vegan Society. p. 31. ISSN1536-3767. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- Mylan Engel, Jr. (2000). 'The Immorality of Eating Meat,' in The Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature, (Louis P. Pojman, ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 856–889.
- S. V. Bharti (2001). 'Yoga Sutras of Patanjali': With the Exposition of Vyasa. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. ISBN978-81-20818-25-5.
- Columbia University Press (2013). Dharma, The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Gale. ISBN978-07-87650-15-5.
- Dhand, Arti (17 December 2002). 'The Dharma of Ethics, the Ethics of Dharma: Quizzing the Ideals of Hinduism'. Journal of Religious Ethics. 30 (3): 347–372. doi:10.1111/1467-9795.00113. ISSN1467-9795.
- C. Dhandapani Desigar (1969). திருக்குறள் அழகும் அமைப்பும் [Tirukkural: Beauty and Structure] (in Tamil). Chennai: Tamil Valarcchi Iyakkam.
- 'Dharma'. ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. n.d. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- Gavin Flood (Ed.), Ludo Rocher (2003). Chapter 4: The Dharmasastra. In: The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Blackwell. ISBN978-06-31215-35-6.
- Ki. Vaa. Jagannathan (1963). திருக்குறள், ஆராய்ச்சிப் பதிப்பு [Tirukkural, Research Edition] (3rd ed.). Coimbatore: Ramakrishna Mission Vidhyalayam.
- Kowmareeshwari (Ed.) (2012). Aganaanooru, Puranaanooru. Sanga Ilakkiyam (in Tamil). 3 (1st ed.). Chennai: Saradha Pathippagam.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- R. Kumaravelan (Ed.) (2008). திருக்குறள் வ.உ.சிதம்பரனார் உரை [Tirukkural: V. O. Chidhambaram Commentary] (in Tamil) (1st ed.). Chennai: Pari Nilayam.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- Mohan Lal (1992). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. ISBN978-81-260-1221-3. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- Sujit Mukherjee (1999). A Dictionary of Indian Literature: One: Beginnings–1850. 1 (1st ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. ISBN978-81-250-1453-9. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- P. R. Natarajan (2008). Thirukkural: Aratthuppaal (in Tamil) (1st ed.). Chennai: Uma Padhippagam.
- The Oxford University (n.d.). The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, 'Dharma'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- Parel, Anthony J. (2002), 'Gandhi and Tolstoy', in M. P. Mathai, M. S. John, Siby K. Joseph (eds.), Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift, New Delhi: Concept, pp. 96–112, retrieved 2012-09-08CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
- Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (Eds.), Robin Rinehart (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-01-99699-30-8.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- Rajaram, M. (2009). Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration. New Delhi: Rupa Publications. pp. xviii–xxi.
- M. N. Ramasubramania Raja (Ed.) (2017). திருக்குறள் உரைக்களஞ்சிம் [Compendium of Thirukkural Commentaries] (in Tamil) (1st ed.). Chennai: Kottravai.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- N. Sanjeevi (1973). First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers (2nd ed.). Chennai: University of Madras.
- R. P. Sethupillai (1956). திருவள்ளுவர் நூல்நயம் [Beauty of Thiruvalluvar's work] (in Tamil) (10th ed.). Chennai: Kazhaga Veliyeedu.
- M. Shanmukham Pillai (1972). திருக்குறள் அமைப்பும் முறையும் [The structure and method of Tirukkural] (1 ed.). Chennai: University of Madras.
- Thirukkural: Couplets with English Transliteration and Meaning (1 ed.). Chennai: Shree Shenbaga Pathippagam. 2012. pp. vii–xvi.
- Steven Rosen (2006). Essential Hinduism (Chapter 3). Praeger. ISBN978-0-275-99006-0.
- N. V. Subbaraman (2015). வள்ளுவம் வாழ்ந்த வள்ளலார் [Vallalar: Living the Valluvam Way]. Chennai: Unique Media Integrators. ISBN978-93-83051-95-3.
- M. P. Sivagnanam (1974). திருக்குறளிலே கலைபற்றிக் கூறாததேன்? [Why the Kural did not mention art?]. Chennai: Poonkodi Padhippagam.
- P. S. Sundaram (1990). Tiruvalluvar Kural (1st ed.). Gurgaon: Penguin Books. ISBN978-01-44000-09-8.
- Tolstoy, Leo (14 December 1908). 'A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure'. The Literature Network. The Literature Network. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
THE HINDU KURAL
- Van Buitenen, J. A. B. (1957). 'Dharma and Moksa'. Philosophy East and West. 7 (1/2 (April–July)): 36.
- Jean Varenne and Coltman Derek (1977). Yoga and the Hindu Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-85116-7.
- N. Velusamy and Moses Michael Faraday (Eds.) (February 2017). Why Should Thirukkural Be Declared the National Book of India?. Unique Media Integrators. p. 152. ISBN978-93-85471-70-4.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- H. V. Visveswaran (2016). தமிழனின் தத்துவம் திருக்குறள் அறம் [Tamilan's Philosophy is Tirukkural Virtue] (1 ed.). Chennai: Notion Press. ISBN978-93-86073-74-7.
- Widgery, Alban G. (January 1930). 'The Principles of Hindu Ethics'. International Journal of Ethics. 40 (2): 232–245.
- Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN978-90-04-03591-1. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aram_(Kural_book)&oldid=898671288'
Book Description:
Title: - Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
File Type: PDF EPUB MOBI.
MD5 Hash Code: cf580be304ed6a51f571b47e3da1cd47
ASIN/ISBN:
Recent Member Activity
Title: - Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
File Type: PDF EPUB MOBI.
MD5 Hash Code: cf580be304ed6a51f571b47e3da1cd47
ASIN/ISBN:
Recent Member Activity
Related Book : Sundaram Solutions Manual Np60137 Pdf Enligne 2019
Captain V. Sundaram (April 22, 1916 – May 31, 1997) was an Indianpilot and animal welfare activist. He founded the Blue Cross of India, the largest animal welfare organization of Asia.
Career as a pilot[edit]
Captain V. Sundaram became a pilot in 1935 at the age of 19. He trained in England and returned to India to become an instructor at the Madras Flying Club. He flew extensively over the country, and was probably the first person to take a picture of the Taj Mahal from air.[1] During World War II, he trained British and American pilots. In 1945 he joined Tata Airlines, and from 1945-1951, served as the pilot of the Maharaja of Mysore. During this time he flew Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel throughout India, especially the latter when he was negotiating the merger of princely states with India.[1] His wife, Usha, served as co-pilot in many of these flights. They set a world record for flying a de Havilland Dove from London to Madras in 27 hours. This record for a piston-engined aircraft is still unbroken.[2] Captain Sundaram had an accident-free flying record during the 35 years he served as pilot. He wrote of his experiences as a pilot in a book titled An Airman's Saga.
Animal welfare[edit]
Captain V. Sundaram was always known for his compassion for animals. It was known among pilots that he would keep circling around until the runway was cleared of stray animals. He was instrumental in stopping animal sacrifices at several places. He also organized several seminars speaking against cruel methods of killing animals. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Animal Welfare Board of India until 1987.
Blue Cross of India[edit]
On a rainy day in 1959, Captain Sundaram saw two pups struggling to stay afloat in the flooded roads of T. Nagar, Chennai. He took them home and founded the Blue Cross of India, a shelter for animals. In his own words, 'God had given me so much that I thought I ought to do something in return. There are so many charitable institutions for human beings, but so few for animals.' Blue Cross, started with a kennel in his own home, grew under his leadership to become the largest animal welfare organization of Asia.[3]
Awards and recognition[edit]
- Queen Victoria Medal from the Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1964
- Watamull Foundation Award, 1987
- Silver medal from Madras SPCA
- Silver medal from the Mylapore Academy
- Distinguished Service Award from the Rotary club of South Madras
- Prani Mitra Award, posthumously
Bibliography[edit]
- An Airman's Saga. Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan. ISBN81-7276-102-3
References[edit]
Mr. A.v. Sundaram Consultation
- ^ abReview of An Airman's Saga
- ^The treatment of animals in India - past and present. Best Friends Network
- ^Captain Sundaram at the website of the Blue Cross of India.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._Sundaram&oldid=819303822'